Plagiarism and Generative AI

Plagiarism Policy

12 Waiheru upholds academic honesty as a fundamental principle in the production of knowledge. In line with its philosophical grounding—where clarity emerges through critical reflection—the journal expects all submitted manuscripts to represent original, authentic, and responsibly constructed scholarly work.

All submissions are subject to similarity screening using plagiarism detection software prior to the peer review process. This step ensures that each manuscript meets acceptable standards of originality and proper scholarly attribution.

Similarity Threshold

  • Maximum overall similarity index: 20%
  • Similarity from a single source should not exceed 5%
  • Properly cited quotations and references are not considered violations

Editorial evaluation is not determined solely by numerical similarity scores. Context, citation practices, and the integrity of scholarly argumentation are carefully examined. Manuscripts with low similarity scores may still be rejected if unethical reuse or misappropriation is identified.

Unacceptable Practices

  • Direct copying without proper attribution
  • Patchwriting or mosaic plagiarism
  • Self-plagiarism or redundant publication
  • Fabrication or falsification of data
  • Improper or incomplete citation of sources

Actions and Consequences

If violations are identified, the journal will take appropriate action depending on the stage of the process:

  • Before review: Manuscript will be rejected
  • During review: Review process will be terminated
  • After publication: Article may be corrected or retracted following ethical standards

In cases of serious misconduct, 12 Waiheru reserves the right to notify the author’s affiliated institution.


Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy

1. Policy Perspective

12 Waiheru recognizes that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping scholarly practices in education, training, and religious studies. While AI can assist in improving efficiency and accessibility, the journal emphasizes that knowledge must remain rooted in human critical reasoning, contextual awareness, and ethical responsibility.

This policy establishes guidelines for the responsible and transparent use of AI in manuscript preparation, in line with international academic standards and ethical frameworks.

2. Definition of AI Tools

AI tools refer to computational systems capable of generating, analyzing, or transforming content using techniques such as machine learning and natural language processing. These include:

  • Generative AI (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude)
  • Language enhancement tools (e.g., Grammarly, DeepL Write)
  • AI-assisted data analysis software
  • Reference and literature discovery tools
  • Visualization and modeling applications

3. Acceptable Use

The use of AI is permitted only as a supporting instrument and must not replace the author’s intellectual contribution.

a. Permitted Uses

  • Improving grammar, clarity, and readability
  • Assisting language refinement for non-native speakers
  • Organizing references and citations
  • Supporting preliminary literature exploration
  • Assisting coding or data processing with proper verification

b. Prohibited Uses

  • Generating entire manuscripts or core arguments without substantial human input
  • Producing fabricated or manipulated data
  • Creating false or non-existent references
  • Automated paraphrasing that leads to plagiarism
  • Simulating empirical data such as interviews or field observations

4. Author Responsibility

Authors are fully accountable for all submitted content, including any part supported by AI tools. This includes ensuring:

  • Accuracy and validity of information
  • Originality and absence of bias
  • Proper verification of AI-generated outputs
  • Scholarly integrity in analysis and interpretation

AI must function only as an assistive tool, not as a substitute for academic reasoning.

5. Authorship

AI tools cannot be listed as authors under any circumstances. Authorship is limited to individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions and are accountable for the work.

6. Disclosure Requirement

Authors must disclose any significant use of AI tools in the preparation of their manuscript. Disclosure should include:

  • Name and version of the AI tool
  • Purpose of its use
  • Extent of its contribution
  • Confirmation of human review and revision

Suggested statement:

“During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used [AI Tool Name] for [specific purpose]. All outputs were reviewed and revised by the author(s), who take full responsibility for the final content.”

7. Placement of Disclosure

  • Methods section (for analytical or technical use)
  • Acknowledgments (for minor assistance)
  • Dedicated AI statement (recommended)

8. Editorial Oversight

The editorial team evaluates AI usage as part of ethical screening. If misuse or lack of disclosure is suspected, actions may include:

  • Request for clarification
  • Manuscript revision
  • Rejection

9. Sanctions

Violations of this policy may result in:

  • Rejection of submission
  • Retraction of published work
  • Notification to affiliated institutions
  • Temporary or permanent submission restrictions

10. Ethical Alignment

This policy aligns with international best practices, including guidelines from:
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

11. Copyright and Licensing

All published works in 12 Waiheru are licensed under:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Closing Note

12 Waiheru supports the responsible use of technology in academic work while preserving the depth, authenticity, and ethical grounding of scholarly inquiry. The journal remains committed to ensuring that every published work reflects not only intellectual contribution but also integrity and accountability.